[For background on China’s fight against historical nihilism see 2016: CASS World History Institute Director Zhang Shunhong in Party Theoretical Journal Warns of Historical Nihilists in Pay of Capitalists Deny China’s Achievements, Belittling its Leaders ]

[Tough language but reporting statistics not much changed in unlawful and undesirable information compared with last year. Maybe next month will have an uptick. Or is frustrated Party talking into the wind? This is an interesting example of efforts to control the Internet within China. Nothing new just another iteration of what has been going on since the Internet came to China about thirty years ago. As always for people who want to understand China’s media control strategy and tactics, I suggest that you Download He Qinglian’s Book on Media Control in China. ]

Report online Historical Nihilism Wrong-Headed Speech to the “12377” “Historical Nihilism Harmful Information Reporting Center”

April 9, 2021

Source: Central Network Information Office Reporting Center

This year is the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the entire Party is studying Party history, seeking to better understanding fundamental Communist Party concepts and ideas, to put them into practice and to create a new situation. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the mobilization meeting on education in and study of Communist Party Party history study and education that we must clearly oppose historical nihilism, strengthen the ideological guidance and theoretical analysis, clarify ambiguous understandings and one-sided understanding of some major historical issues in the history of the Party, to get a better understanding of the truth and strengthen our ideological foundations.

“If you want to destroy someone’s country, first eliminate its history.” “灭人之国，必先去其史。 For some time, some ulterior motives under the banner of so-called “reflecting on history” and “restoring the truth” have been spreading historical nihilistic misrepresentations online, maliciously distorting, denigrating and negating the history of the Party, the state and the military, in an attempt to confuse people. They have had a bad influence since this distorts the truth, confuses people’s minds and saps the “Four Self-Confidences“.

[Self-confident in socialism with Chinese characteristics;
Self-confident in ideology;
Self-confident in the Chinese system; and
Self-confident in Chinese culture]

In order to avoid misleading the public with false statements, maintain a clear cyberspace and create a good atmosphere of public opinion for the centennial of the Party, the Central Internet Information Office (State Internet Information Office) illegal and undesirable information reporting center recently opened a special area for reporting “harmful information involving historical nihilism” on the official website, APP and other channels to specifically accept public reports.

Distortions of the history of the Chinese Communist Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development.
Attacking the Party’s leadership, its guiding ideology, guidelines and policies.
Defamation of heroes and martyrs
Denying the excellence of Chinese traditional culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture.

We hope that the majority of Internet users will actively play their part in supervising society, actively participate in the comprehensive management of computer networks, and enthusiastically report harmful information, so that we can all work together to maintain a healthy network ecology.

Report phone number: 12377

Report Website: http://www.12377.cn

Official microblogging, WeChat public number: the State Internet Information Office Reporting Center

Reporting Guide

I. Subject of Reporting:
Report Center welcomes citizens, legal persons or other organizations to participate in the Internet illegal and undesirable information reporting supervision.

II. llegal and undesirable information on the computer networks principally includes:

Endangering national security, honor and interests.
Incitement to subvert state power, overthrow the socialist system.
Incitement to split up the country or that undermines national unity.
Advocating terrorism, extremism
Promoting ethnic hatred, ethnic discrimination.
Spreading violent, obscene or pornographic information.
Fabricating and disseminate false information to disrupt the economic and social order.
Infringement of the reputation, privacy and other legitimate rights and interests of others.
Other content prohibited by the relevant laws and regulations of the Internet.

III. How to Make a Report

Visit the official website of the Reporting Center at https://www.12377.cn to make a report.
Download and install the “Network Report” client to report.
Go to the official microblogging center “National Internet Information Office Reporting Center”, click on “report by private letter”;
Go to the official microblogging center public account “National Office of reporting”, click on “make a report”;.
Call 12377 reporting hotline to report.
6. Send an email to jubao@12377.cn举报.

IV. What a Report Should Look Like

Report Internet illegal and undesirable information. The subject of the report should be include the URL or enough to accurately locate the reported information, sample screenshots and other basic reporting materials, as well other relevant evidence materials and information.

V. Confirm that Your Report Has Been Received
Once you have submitted your report, you will receive an inquiry code, through the inquiry code that confirms that the reported information has been received. Reporting accepted by the center will be forwarded according to the relevant provisions to the local network liaison departments, relevant websites or relevant departments in accordance with the rules and regulations.

VI. Notes

The subject of the report should be based on the category of the reported information, select the corresponding category of reporting portal to submit a report. If you choose the wrong category, the submitted report may be invalid.
Reporting subjects do not need to repeatedly submit the report content. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the reporting subject, to limit the malicious repeated reporting, improve the operational effectiveness of online reporting, each reporting subject in principle up to 50 times within 24 hours, more than 50 times will not be reported successfully.
Network infringement information reporting please submit through the “infringement” reporting portal, the whistleblower must report in real name.
For network rumor clues to be verified and disproved, please submit them to the “China Internet Joint Disinformation Platform”.
The person making the report shall be responsible for the objectivity and authenticity of the reported matter. For the reports containing intentionally fabricated facts, false accusations, falsified reporting evidence, or that aim to stir up trouble in the name of reporting, or interference with the normal work of state organs, the reporter will assume the corresponding legal responsibility.

During March 2021 10.804 Million Items of Illegal and Undesirable Information Reported Chinese Networks

Share: 2021-04-02 Source: Central Network Information Office Reporting Center

Durimg March 2021, the national network reporting departments at all levels received 10.804 million reports, an increase of 9.7%, down 27.1% year-on-year. Among them, the Central Internet Information Office (State Internet Information Office) illegal and undesirable information reporting center received 172,000 pieces of reports, down 9.0% YoY, down 35.1% YoY. The Internet Office of the reporting department received 1.061 million pieces of reports, up 17.4% YoY, down 22.5% YoY; the main national website received 9.571 million pieces of reports, up 9.4% YoY, down 27.4% YoY. 27.4% year-on-year decline.

“**Illegal and Undesirable Information Items on PRC Networks**” for 2020 and early 2021/

In the country’s major websites accepted reports, microblogging, Baidu, Douban, Racer, Alibaba, Tencent, Zhihu, today’s headlines, Sina.com, Jindo and other major commercial websites accounted for 87.7% of the volume, amounting to 8.395 million.

**Reports Received of Illegal and Undesirable Information by Major Websites** [Weibo top, then Baidu..]

Under the guidance of Internet information departments at all levels, the country’s major websites continue to open up reporting channels, accepting and disposing of netizens’ reports. Welcome the majority of netizens to actively participate in comprehensive network governance, and jointly maintain a clear cyberspace.

Report phone: 12377

Report website: http://www.12377.cn

Official microblogging, WeChat public number: the National Internet Information Office Reporting Center

Xi Jinping: “If you want to destroy someone’s country, first eradicate its history.” “灭人之国，必先去其史。

August 06, 2015 17:00:38 Source: Guangming.com

Article by Cao Yaxin, China Culture Internet Communication Association

On January 5, 2013, President Xi Jinping delivered a speech at a seminar for newly elected members and alternate members of the Central Committee, emphasizing the importance of handling major political issues properly to avoid serious political consequences. The saying from ancient times, “To destroy a country, one must first eradicate its history,” underscores his strong emphasis on history.

President Xi Jinping places great importance on history. On October 13, 2014, during the 18th collective study of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, he stressed the need to remember historical experiences, lessons, and warnings to provide valuable references for modernizing the country’s governance. Considering China’s over 5,000-year-old civilization, respect and contemplation are essential.

The Chinese nation has always highly valued history; it is a crucial cultural tradition. Gong Zizhen, a scholar from the Qing Dynasty, stated in his “Continuation of the Abode of Stillness,” “To understand the great way, one must first learn history. To destroy a country, one must first eradicate its history.” Understanding history allows one to comprehend the way of the world, and mastering historical studies helps grasp social laws. To make a nation perish, the primary method is to eradicate its historical perspective—to trample its historical heritage, deconstruct its cultural identity, erode its national confidence, and destroy its national identity.

Now, why do Chinese people attach such great importance to history in their cultural consciousness?

Firstly, history holds a structural significance in Chinese culture. Chinese traditional culture can be divided into four major categories: “classics, history, philosophy, and belles-lettres,” which academically encompass the entirety of Chinese culture.

“Classics” specifically refers to Confucian culture. Since the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucian culture has become the mainstream ideological system in ancient Chinese society. In subsequent dynasties, Confucian thought was regarded as the ethical foundation of social development and a crucial pillar of intellectual and cultural discourse. Therefore, Confucianism is referred to as the “classics.” The term “classics” originally meant the fixed, vertical “warp threads” used in ancient weaving processes (similar to longitude lines on the Earth). Its extended meaning is standard or constant. Contents classified as “classics” represent established ideological standards and enduring theories. Confucian classics are called “Confucian classics,” and Confucian doctrines are known as “Confucian studies.”

“History” refers to historical records, particularly the official histories of China, starting with the “Records of the Grand Historian” during the Han Dynasty and ending with the last feudal dynasty’s “Draft History of the Qing Dynasty,” collectively known as the “Twenty-Six Histories.” The Confucian classics provide the general ideas guiding social development, while historical records offer specific stories and examples that confirm Confucian thoughts. They mutually support and complement each other, explaining successes and failures, summarizing constant laws of social development, and demonstrating the role of Confucian theories in historical changes.

The Chinese approach to historical study is to examine history while discussing principles, to analyze events while explaining theories. In “Records of the Grand Historian,” there is “Sima Qian says,” and in the “Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government,” there is “Chen Guang says.” These indicate that the authors of historical records not only present factual events but also discuss the underlying principles. The theoretical basis for historical researchers is Confucian culture. Therefore, many great historians are also great Confucian scholars. For example, Sima Qian, the author of “Records of the Grand Historian,” and Chen Guang, the author of the “Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government,” were both prominent Confucian scholars.

The “history” section represents the real-life deduction of historical truths and verifies the correctness of using Confucian thought to govern the country. The “classics” speak with theory, and the “history” speaks with facts.

“Philosophy” refers to the various schools of thought and philosophies during the Warring States period, which later coalesced into the Confucianism-dominated mainstream. However, the ideas of the various schools of thought did not fade away due to Confucian dominance. Instead, they became essential complements and interacted with Confucian culture. If a society only adheres to one kind of thought, it may become rigid and stagnant. Therefore, the diversity of the various schools of thought and their interactions with Confucianism create a vibrant and lively Chinese culture. For example, with Confucianism advocating involvement in the world, Daoism emerged with its emphasis on detachment. Where Confucianism emphasized benevolence and love, Mohism advocated universal love. Confucian emphasis on virtue-based governance was balanced by Legalism’s emphasis on rule-based governance. Thus, the “philosophy” section’s importance lies not in how the various schools of thought competed but in how they coexisted. The collective voice of different schools and diverse teachings converged into a harmonious Chinese cultural chorus.

Finally, “belles-lettres” encompasses all forms of literary and artistic expression, including poetry, prose, essays, drama, and novels.

To metaphorically describe Chinese traditional culture as a magnificent cultural building:

“Classics” constitute the building’s steel frame, representing the mainstream thinking with Confucian classics forming the core ideology.
“History” is the building’s concrete, providing substance and solidifying Chinese culture’s structure and essential aspects.

However, steel and concrete alone may make the building airtight and lack vitality. The various schools of thought in the “philosophy” section serve as doors and windows, allowing for air circulation and healthy sunlight, ensuring the cultural vibrancy.

“Belles-lettres” are like the interior decoration, enriching the building with diverse and captivating elements.

When studying Chinese culture, one might initially be attracted to the colorful interior decorations, akin to a first-time visitor to a grand building who admires the vibrant interiors, such as paintings, calligraphy, or antique furniture. Similarly, initial interest in Chinese culture often starts with an appreciation of the content in the “belles-lettres” section, falling in love with Tang and Song poetry or encountering traditional Chinese opera and Kunqu opera for the first time. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of Chinese culture and to delve deep into it, one must interpret the overall structure and the underlying levels of this cultural building. It is necessary to transition from loving the “belles-lettres” to studying the “classics,” “history,” and “philosophy” sections.

It consists of four parts: classics, history, philosophy, and belles-lettres, which collectively support this magnificent palace of Chinese culture.

Therefore, history is a necessary structure to understand Chinese culture and an essential content to inherit Chinese wisdom.

Secondly, history holds a significance for learning and drawing lessons in Chinese society.

Chinese people have always valued history not merely because they lack imagination for the future, leading them to dwell on the past, or because they have a particular fondness for old things and enjoy collecting old objects. It is not as simple as that.

Chinese people value history because through writing, discussing, and reading history, and by summarizing a vast number of rise-and-fall patterns and experiences of gains and losses, they have discovered that generations share similarities—the same truths are interpreted differently in different times, and the ever-changing historical sky witnesses constant human dramas. Just like the verse from Zhang Ruoxu’s “A Moonlit Night on the Spring River” in the Tang Dynasty, “Generations of people endlessly flow, while the river moon appears the same each year.” People from different generations may be different, but events tend to be alike.

Thus, the warning from history becomes profound. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty believed that “taking history as a mirror enables one to recognize the rise and the fall.” Learning from past lessons prepares one for future challenges.

Looking at history does not mean examining others’ past scenes but observing one’s own present and future.

Learning from history does not mean rehashing old and clichéd stories but acquiring the wisdom of regularity from the experiences of the past.

History is not a stale boat of yesterday but a tool to steer our fate towards the future when facing the waves of tomorrow. Can we stand on the shoulders of those who came before us to steer our ship of destiny into the future?

This aligns with Dong Zhongshu’s principle mentioned in “Spring and Autumn Annals”: If we don’t know where the future leads, we can learn from the past to find our way in the unknown journey.

Thirdly, history has a significance in the inheritance of the Chinese nation.

History nurtures the profound soul of a nation with an ancient and extensive heritage.

History composes the collective values embraced by society.

Family and national histories are closely tied to the pride and burden carried by each member of the larger family.

The history of a nation propels the flow of bloodline inheritance and cultural genes within the family.

As President Xi Jinping has emphasized on several occasions, “forgetting history is a betrayal“:

Forgetting the past will lead to confusion in the present and a loss of direction for the future.

Betraying yesterday will inevitably result in losing today and abandoning tomorrow.

By forgetting the blood, tears, and glory in history, one betrays the responsibility and mission on one’s shoulders.

By forgetting the experiences and wisdom of history, one betrays the consciousness of one’s civilization.

By forgetting the traditional values of history, one betrays the spiritual homeland of the nation.

This is the most dreadful wandering and becoming true traitors of the country. Abandoning the historical soil on which survival depends, the cultural building of the nation collapses, and its spirit loses its place in the world’s currents.

Protecting the fertile soil of history is the foundation for cultivating today’s sustenance and the basis for cultivating tomorrow’s blossoms.

Of course, history will not entirely repeat the old path, but the future will undoubtedly continue on the tracks of history. We can continue building better new tracks and driving faster new vehicles, but we must not derail and stumble in dangerous wastelands.

Inheriting the past, facing the future; standing in the present, observing ancient and modern times. The Chinese nation has ridden on a historical carriage together and will continue galloping towards a future with the same tracks, the same heart, and the same virtues.

举报网上历史虚无主义错误言论请到“12377” ——举报中心“涉历史虚无主义有害信息举报专区”上线

2021-04-09 来源：中央网信办举报中心

今年是中国共产党成立一百周年，全党全国正在掀起学党史、悟思想、办实事、开新局的热潮。习近平总书记在党史学习教育动员大会上强调，要旗帜鲜明反对历史虚无主义，加强思想引导和理论辨析，澄清对党史上一些重大历史问题的模糊认识和片面理解，更好正本清源、固本培元。

“灭人之国，必先去其史。”一段时间以来，一些别有用心者打着所谓“反思历史”“还原真相”等旗号，断章取义、无中生有，在网上散布历史虚无主义错误言论，恶意歪曲、诋毁、否定党史国史军史，企图混淆思想、搞乱人心、消解“四个自信”，影响恶劣。

为避免错误言论误导公众，维护清朗网络空间，营造建党百年良好舆论氛围，中央网信办（国家互联网信息办公室）违法和不良信息举报中心近日在官网、APP等渠道开设“涉历史虚无主义有害信息”举报专区，专项受理公众举报。

受理内容

1.歪曲党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史的；

2.攻击党的领导、指导思想、方针政策的；

3.诋毁英雄烈士的；

4.否定中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化的。

希望广大网民主动发挥社会监督作用，积极参与网络综合治理，踊跃举报相关有害信息，共同维护健康网络生态。

举报电话：12377

举报网址：http://www.12377.cn

官方微博、微信公众号：国家网信办举报中心

举报指南

一、举报主体

举报中心欢迎公民、法人或其他组织参与互联网违法和不良信息举报监督。

二、互联网违法和不良信息主要包括

1．危害国家安全、荣誉和利益的；

2．煽动颠覆国家政权、推翻社会主义制度的；

3．煽动分裂国家、破坏国家统一的；

4．宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义的；

5．宣扬民族仇恨、民族歧视的；

6．传播暴力、淫秽色情信息的；

7．编造、传播虚假信息扰乱经济秩序和社会秩序的；

8．侵害他人名誉、隐私等合法权益的；

9．互联网相关法律法规禁止的其他内容。

三、举报方式

1.登录举报中心官网https://www.12377.cn举报；

2.下载安装“网络举报”客户端举报；

3.关注举报中心官方微博“国家网信办举报中心”，点击“私信举报”；

4.关注举报中心官方微信公众帐号“国家网信办举报中心”，点击“一键举报”；

5.拨打12377举报热线举报；

6.发送邮件至邮箱jubao@12377.cn举报。

四、举报材料及要件

举报互联网违法和不良信息时，举报主体应提供与网络举报事项相应的信息网址或者足以准确定位举报信息的相关说明、样本截图等举报基本材料，以及相关证明证据材料等举报要件。

五、举报协助处置

举报主体在网上成功提交举报信息后，将收到一个查询码，通过查询码，可以确认举报的信息已收到。举报中心受理的举报，将依据相关规定转交各地网信部门、相关网站或相关部门依法依规研处。

六、注意事项

1.举报主体应根据举报信息所属类别，选择相应类别的举报入口提交举报。若选择类别错误，所提交的举报可能无效。

2.举报主体无需重复提交举报内容。为保障举报主体的合法权益，限制恶意重复举报，提高网上举报的运行效益，每位举报主体24小时内原则上最多举报50次，超过50次将无法举报成功。

3.网络侵权信息举报请通过“侵权类”举报入口提交，举报人须实名举报。

4.有待查证辟谣的网络谣言线索，请提交至“中国互联网联合辟谣平台”。

5.举报主体应对举报事项的客观性、真实性负责。对于借举报故意捏造事实、诬告陷害，伪造举报证据的，或以举报为名制造事端，干扰国家机关正常工作的，将依法承担相应的法律责任。

2021年3月全国受理网络违法和不良信息举报1080.4万件

2021-04-02 来源：中央网信办举报中心

2021年3月，全国各级网络举报部门受理举报1080.4万件，环比增长9.7%、同比下降27.1%。其中，中央网信办（国家互联网信息办公室）违法和不良信息举报中心受理举报17.2万件，环比下降9.0%、同比下降35.1%；各地网信办举报部门受理举报106.1万件，环比增长17.4%、同比下降22.5%；全国主要网站受理举报957.1万件，环比增长9.4%、同比下降27.4%。

在全国主要网站受理的举报中，微博、百度、豆瓣、快手、阿里巴巴、腾讯、知乎、今日头条、新浪网、拼多多等主要商业网站受理量占87.7%，达839.5万件。

在各级网信部门指导下，目前全国各主要网站不断畅通举报渠道、受理处置网民举报。欢迎广大网民积极参与网络综合治理，共同维护清朗网络空间。

举报电话：12377

举报网址：www.12377.cn

官方微博、微信公众号：国家网信办举报中心

举报客户端：网络举报

习近平：灭人之国，必先去其史

2015年08月06日 17:00:38 来源： 光明网

2013年1月5日，习近平主席在新进中央委员会的委员、候补委员学习贯彻党的十八大精神研讨班上发表讲话，指出：重大政治问题处理不好，就会产生严重政治后果。古人说：“灭人之国，必先去其史。”

习大大对于历史非常重视，2014年10月13日中共中央政治局第十八次集体学习时，习近平主席强调，牢记历史经验历史教训历史警示，为国家治理能力现代化提供有益借鉴。对绵延5000多年的中华文明，我们应该多一份尊重，多一份思考。

中华民族历来就是高度重视历史的民族，这是我们一种非常重要的文化传统。清代龚自珍《定庵续集》里说：“欲知大道，必先为史。灭人之国，必先去其史。”了解历史，就了解了世间大道；把握史学，才把握住社会规律。而要一个民族灭亡，首要方法是让它的史观消亡——践踏民族历史，解构民族文化，涤荡民族自信，破坏民族认同。

那么，为什么在中国人的自有文化意识中，对历史是如此看重呢？

（一）文化架构的意义

第一，历史，在中国文化里具有架构的意义。

中国传统文化，按照学问体系上的划分，可分为“经史子集”四大部类，一说起“经史子集”，就在学术意义上涵盖了中国文化的全部内容。

经，专指儒家文化。因为自汉武帝时期以来，儒家文化度越诸子百家、成为了中国古代社会中的主流意识形态，此后的历朝历代，儒家思想都被看做是社会发展中的纲常伦理、被认为是思想文化界的中流砥柱，所以儒学被尊为是“经”——经，本意为古时织布过程中恒定不动的、纵向的“经线”（如同现在地球上的经线）；“经”的引申意思便是标准、是恒常；能被归为“经”的内容，就是确立标准的思想、是恒常不变的理论。儒家典籍，便叫做“经典”，儒家学说，便是“经学”。

史，便是史书，中国历史上的“正史”，从汉代的《史记》开始，到最后一个封建王朝的史书《清史稿》，总称为“二十六史”。

因为经部的儒学，是指导社会发展的总思想，是一种抽象的学术理论；于是史部中的记述，便成为了印证儒学思想的史实，是一种具体的故事演绎。“经”与“史”相互论证、互为佐证，阐述着兴衰成败的经验得失，总结着社会发展的恒常规律，彰显着儒家理论在历史沧桑中的作用。

所以，中国的史学特点是：写“史”也是论“经”；说“事”也是说“理”。因而我们能够看到，《史记》里有“太史公曰”，《资治通鉴》里有“臣光曰”，这都是史书的作者在讲述史实之后、又在论述其中的得失道理。而史学家在论理层面所依据的思想理论，就是儒家文化。因此我们也能够看到，很多大史学家，本身就是大儒学家，譬如这《史记》里的“太史公”司马迁、这《资治通鉴》里的“臣光”司马光。

史部，就是以历史真实的演绎，印证历朝历代运用儒家思想治国的正确与否。经，是用理论说话；史，是用事实证明。

子部，就是指人们常说的“诸子百家”。在先秦时代，百家争鸣、百花齐放；在后来的两千年里，儒家为纲、定于一尊。但是，诸子百家思想并未因为儒家的独大就从此寂于无声，它们都成为了儒家文化的必要补充和互动平衡。因为，如果一个社会只有一种思想，就会渐入僵化、沦为僵死，而百家之长与儒家之尊共同盛放于中国文化的百花园中，才使得中国文化生生不息、鲜活有力。比如，有儒家的入世、就有道家的出世，有儒家的仁爱、就是墨家的兼爱，有儒家的德治、就有法家的法治……因此，子部，对于中国文化的重要性，不在于“百家争鸣”怎样争、而在于“百家争鸣”可以鸣。各家共同的发声、各派不同的音效，汇聚成了中国文化这一曲八音克谐的民族大合唱。

集部，泛指一切文化艺术，包括诗词文赋、戏曲小说等。

综合来看，如果我们将国学比喻为一座蔚为大观的文化大厦，那么：

经，是这座大厦的钢筋结构，有了儒家经典，就立起了中国主流思想；

史，是大厦的水泥浇筑，水泥的巍然填充与钢筋的盎然挺立，就构筑起了中国文化的坚实外形、主要方面；

然而钢筋水泥虽然建起了一座庞然大楼，却也使得这座楼宇密不透风、缺乏生机，所以，子部的百家思想，就如同是为这座大厦开了一扇扇的门窗，正因为有门窗的参与，才使得空气流通、阳光健康；

集部，像是大厦里一切装潢与内饰，丰富多样，精彩纷呈。

我们学习中国文化的时候，也常常像是初次走进一座大厦的人，最先喜欢的，可能都是建筑里多姿多彩的内饰，是爱上了这儿的一张画、那儿的一幅字，是迷上了这一只青花瓷瓶、那一个红木圈椅……就如同我们对国学感兴趣，往往是从喜爱集部里的内容开始的，是最先着迷了唐诗宋词、是最初邂逅了京剧昆曲……但是，要想全面地了解国学、要想深入地理解中国文化，就必须去解读这座文化大厦的整体解构、内里层次，必须从对集部的热爱，发展为对经、史、子各部分的研读。

是经史子集四个部分，全面支撑起了中国文化这座恢弘的殿堂。

因此，历史，是了解中国文化的必要结构，是继承中国智慧的重要内容。

（二）经验借鉴的意义

第二，历史，在中国社会中具有借鉴的意义。

中国人历来重史，并非是因为中国人对未来缺乏想象、所以总是咀嚼过去；也并非是因为中国人对老的东西就情有独钟、所以爱听老故事爱收藏老物件。并非是这么简单的心理。

中国人重史，是因为通过写史、论史、读史，通过总结了大量兴亡规律和众多得失经验之后，中国人发现，人生代代皆相似，——不同的时代、演绎着相同的道理，常变的历史天空、上演着不变的人情故事。正如同唐代张若虚《春江花月夜》的诗句所说“人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似”，代代人不同，事事总相似。

这样一来，历史的警醒就显得格外意味深长，唐太宗认为“以史为鉴，可以知兴替”，读“前车之鉴”是为了走“明日之路”：

看史，不是在看别人的旧时旧景，而是在看自己的今夕明夕；

学史，不是在学“前事不忘”的老掉牙故事，而是在学“后事之师”的规律性智慧。

历史，不是陈腐的昨日之舟，而是当明日浪头来袭时，我们能否站在前人的肩膀上去驾驭好自己那一艘驶向未来的命运之船。

这就是汉代董仲舒《春秋繁露》中提及“不知来，视诸往”的道理：

我们不知道未来该怎样前进，那就看过去是怎样走来；一路走来的历史经验，可以指导将来的未知征程。

（三）民族传承的意义

第三，历史，在中华民族里具有传承的意义。

是历史，蕴育出了一个民族源远流长的精魂所在；

是历史，谱写出了一个社会集体认同的价值观念；

是家国历史，息息相关着属于一个大家庭全体背负的骄傲与沉重；

是民族历史，滚滚奔腾着属于家族中每一个人的血脉传承与文化基因。

正如习近平主席多次提及的，“忘记历史就意味着背叛”：

不念过去，必然会茫然于现在，迷失于未来；

背叛昨天，必然会失守了今天，丢弃了明天。

忘记了历史中的血泪荣耀，就会背叛肩上的责任使命；

忘记了历史中的经验智慧，就会背叛自有的文明意识；

忘记了历史中的传统价值，就会背叛民族的精神家园。

而这，才是最为可怕的流离失所，才是真正沦为了亡国之徒。抛弃赖以生存的历史土壤，民族的文化大厦轰然倒塌，一国精神于世界潮流中再无立足之地。

守护好历史的沃土，才是种植今日之粮的基础，更是生发明日之花的根基。

历史当然不会全然重复旧路，但是未来必然承接历史的轨道而继续出发。我们可以继续建更好的新轨、开更快的新车，但我们不能脱轨而踉跄在危险的荒原。

承接过去，面向未来；立足当代，纵览古今。中华民族是乘坐在一辆史车上同来，还将驰骋于车同轨、心同德的未来。

（文| 曹雅欣中国文化网络传播研究会）