2023 Party to Law Schools: Strengthen Xi Jinping Thought on Law Education

This instruction from the Party and PRC State on legal education parallels the instructions given to PRC teachers on how they should be teaching the indispensable role of the Chinese Communist Party in bringing the Chinese people forward to the Great Renaissance of the Chinese Nation.

Full Translation of the PRC Ministry of Education October 2021 Teacher Guidelines on Teaching the Leadership of the Communist Party in Four Installments:

• 2021: Teaching “Leadership of the Communist Party” I
• 2021: Teaching “Leadership of the Communist Party” II
• 2021: Teaching the Leadership of the Communist Party III
• 2021: Teaching the Leadership of the Communist Party IV

Glossary:

• “The Four Consciousnesses” sige yishi 四個意識  enhance political integrity, develop a better understanding of the general picture, follow the core leadership of the Central Committee, and act consistently with CPC Central Committee policy.
• “The Four Self-confidences” sige zixin  四個自信“confident in our chosen path, confident in our guiding theories, confident in our political system, and confident in our culture.”
• “The Two Safeguards” liangge weihu 兩個維護 “‘Safeguard the core position of the Xi Jinping-led Party Central Committee and at the core position of the whole party’ and ‘Safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership’” 
• The Three Political Strengths zhengzhi sanli 政治三力 strength in political judgement, strength in political insight, and strength to implement the political line.
• Teachers with the Four Good Things 《四有》好老师 who have ideal beliefs, moral sentiments, solid knowledge and a loving heart.

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General Office of the CPC Central Committee General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era

2023-02-26 18:30 Source: Xinhua News Agency

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) — Recently, the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued “Opinions on Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era” and issued a notice requiring all regions and departments to seriously implement it in conjunction with the actual situation.

The full text of the Opinions on Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era is as follows:

Legal education and legal theory research bears the glorious mission of training high-quality rule of law talents and providing scientific theoretical support for the construction of China’s rule of law, and has an important position and role in promoting the comprehensive rule of law. In order to strengthen legal education and legal theory research in the new era, the following views are put forward.

I. General requirements

(A) Guiding Ideology. Adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era as the guide, earnestly study and propaganda to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, in-depth study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on the rule of law, carry forward the great spirit of the founding of the Party, a deep understanding of the “two established” decisive significance, enhance the “four consciousness “and “four self-confidence” and “two safeguards”, unswervingly follow the road of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the combination of rule by law and rule by morality, adhere to the direction of socialist schooling, improve the rule of law We will also strengthen research on socialist rule of law theory with Chinese characteristics, enhance the capacity and level of legal research, accelerate the construction of a discipline system, academic system and discourse system of legal science with Chinese characteristics, and provide strong talent guarantee and theoretical support for building a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, building a socialist rule of law state, and promoting the comprehensive construction of a socialist modern state on the track of rule of law.

(B) Working Principles.

• Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party, ensure that legal education and legal theory research always along the correct political direction.
• Adhere to the Center, act according to the overall situation, the legal education and legal theory research in the Party and the State work in the overall planning and promotion.
• Adhere to the moral education, moral and legal training, and strive to cultivate more rule of law talents with firm ideals and beliefs, strong family sentiments, and solid jurisprudential roots.
• Adhere to the law of law discipline development and the law of talent growth, classification construction and management of law schools.
• Insist on combining the Marxist theory of the rule of law with the specific reality of China and China’s excellent traditional legal culture, sum up the laws of socialist rule of law practice with Chinese characteristics, draw on the beneficial achievements of the world’s rule of law civilization, and promote the high-quality development of legal education and legal theory research.

(C) Main objectives

• By 2025, the regional layout and discipline layout of law schools will be more balanced, the management and guidance system of legal education will be more perfect, the quality of personnel training will be steadily improved, the shortcomings of talents in key areas will be accelerated, the field of legal theory research will be continuously expanded, the research capacity will be continuously improved, the basic theory research and applied countermeasure research will be more prosperous, and the research on socialist rule of law theory with Chinese characteristics will be further innovated and developed.
• By 2035, in line with the basic construction of the rule of law state, rule of law government and rule of law society, a number of first-class law schools with Chinese characteristics will be built, a number of law experts and scholars with international influence will be created, a large number of high-quality rule of law talents with both virtues and talents will have been trained, a law discipline system, academic system and discourse system with distinctive Chinese characteristics will be built, and a scientific, reasonable structure, systematic and efficient legal system will have been formed.
• The universities will continue to train a large number of high quality legal experts and scholars with moral and talent, build a legal discipline system, academic system and discourse system with distinctive Chinese characteristics, and form a legal education system and legal theory research system with scientific content, reasonable structure, complete system and high efficiency.

Second, adhere to the correct political direction

(D) Adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law as the fundamental guide. In-depth study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on the rule of law, adhere to the Xi Jinping Thought on the rule of law to occupy a full range of legal education and legal theory research positions, education to guide the majority of teachers and students of law schools and legal theorists to become firm believers in Xi Jinping Thought on the rule of law, its active propagators and exemplary practitioners. Give full play to the role of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law Research Center (Institute) and theoretical research institutions in the rule of law sector, in-depth research and interpretation of the major original contributions of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and constantly enrich the development of socialist theory of the rule of law with Chinese characteristics. Thoroughly promote the theoretical interpretation, academic expression and systematic construction of Xi Jinping thought on the rule of law, and promote the transformation of theoretical research results into curriculum, teaching materials and teaching systems. Coordinate and integrate research forces and resources, actively launch high-quality research results, and fully demonstrate the distinctive Chinese, practical and contemporary characteristics of Xi Jinping thought on the rule of law.

Comprehensively promote Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law into teaching materials, into the classroom and into students’ minds, create a compulsory core course on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law for law majors, encourage conditional higher education schools to open relevant compulsory and elective courses, jointly open courses related to the rule of law practice of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law with rule of law departments, create special course modules on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and carry out good education on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law for all students. Strengthen the training of teachers of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law. Make good use of reading materials such as “Learning Outline of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law”, “Learning Questions and Answers on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law” and “Chronology of the Events of the Chinese Communist Party in the Century of Rule of Law”.

(E) Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party. Stressing the Party’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee of socialist rule of law, fully implement the Party’s basic theory, basic line and basic strategy, guide the majority of law school teachers and students and legal theorists to consciously strengthen the Party’s leadership consciousness, improve the institutional mechanism of the Party’s leadership of legal education and legal theory research, and implement the Party’s leadership to all aspects of the whole process of legal education and legal theory research.

We will steadfastly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the organic unity of the Party’s leadership, the people’s sovereignty and the rule of law, guide the majority of law school teachers and students and legal theorists to take a clear and firm stance on issues of principle and major rights and wrongs, and resolutely oppose and resist the Western “constitutional governance” and “the struggle among the three powers” 三权鼎立 . We will resolutely oppose and resist such erroneous views as “constitutional governance”, “struggle among the three powers” and “independence of the judiciary”. Fully implement the Party’s education policy, insist on nurturing people to serve the Party and the state. Focus on cultivating builders and the next generation of successors for the socialist rule of law. Insist on using the Party’s innovative theories to lead theoretical research in law, study and grasp the Party’s glorious history and historical experience in leading the construction of the rule of law, educate and guide the majority of legal theorists to strive to be advocates of advanced ideas, pioneers of academic research, leaders of social trends, and firm supporters of the Party’s rule. Law schools and research institutes party organizations should strictly implement the main responsibility of party management, and effectively keep the direction, manage the position and build a good team.

(F) Strengthen ideological and political formation. Take politics as a fundamental requirement, educate and guide the majority of law teachers and theoreticians to improve political sensitivity and political discernment, strictly adhere to political discipline and political rules, political standards and political requirements throughout the legal education and legal theory research work.

• Ideological and political work is carried out throughout the whole process of legal education and teaching:
• Strengthening education on ideals and beliefs and core socialist values,
• Strengthening education on patriotism, collectivism and socialism,
• Promoting the construction of the ideological and political courses of law, organically integrating ideological and political education into the curriculum, classroom teaching, textbook construction, faculty construction, theoretical research and other aspects of personnel training,
• Educating and guiding teachers and students to be faithful admirers, conscientious abiders and firm defenders of socialist rule of law.

We will deeply grasp the political nature of legal theory research in the new era, consciously focus on major theoretical and practical issues such as building a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, building a socialist rule of law state, and comprehensively promoting the rule of law in all aspects of the country’s work, and build a strong position for Marxist rule of law theory.

Third, reform and improve the system of law schools

(G) Optimize the pattern development of law schools to meet the country’s needs. To serve the overall development of the country:

• Adapt to the regional demands for rule of law personnel as fundamental, adjust and optimize the regional layout of law schools, coordinate the national law disciplines and degree authorization point settings, and promote the balanced development of regional law education.
• Improve the access system for legal education, improve the early warning mechanism for the quality of law-related disciplines, and smoothly and orderly withdraw the institutions with inadequate schooling conditions, persistently low faculty levels and poor education quality.
• Establish a quality assessment system for law education, improve the assessment index system, and carry out the evaluation of undergraduate law education teaching in higher education schools based on the evaluation of existing law disciplines, and optimize the layout of law disciplines through measures such as deadline for rectification and withdrawal.
• Accelerate the construction of “double first-class”, encourage law schools to highlight their characteristics and form a differentiated development pattern. It also actively supports the development of law schools in the western region of China, further optimizes the layout of law degree authorization points, increases the policy inclination in terms of enrollment scale, teachers, funding and employment, etc., and carries out a good counterpart support for law education in the country to achieve a reasonable allocation of law education resources.

(H) Improve the management and guidance system of law schools. Improve the management system of legal education, strengthen the Central Office of the rule of law on the macro guidance of legal education, strengthen the State Council education department and the judicial administrative departments of higher education guidance of legal education work. Promote the reform and development of law schools, play a good key political and legal institutions in legal education and legal theory research in the backbone of the demonstration role. Rule of law departments should increase support for law schools, actively provide quality practical teaching resources, and do a good job in the organic connection between legal profession and law education. Take advantage of the role of the Higher School Law Teaching Steering Committee, the Law Discipline Review Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, the National Steering Committee for Graduate Law Degree Education, the National Steering Committee for Judicial Vocational Education Teaching and other expert committees, increase the proportion of members with experience in rule of law practice, optimize the composition of the staff, and improve the level of guidance and management of legal education.

Fourth, accelerate the improvement of the legal education system

(I) Optimize the systematization of various legal disciplines.

• Improve the system of law disciplines and majors, and build a new mechanism for the construction of disciplines and majors combining independent and guided settings.
• Based on China’s actual situation, promote jurisprudence, legal history and other basic disciplines, as well as constitutional law and administrative law, criminal law, civil and commercial law, litigation law, economic law, environmental and resource protection law, international law, military law and other updated disciplinary connotations, better integrated into the practice of the comprehensive rule of law.
• Adapt to the new requirements of rule of law construction, strengthen the construction of disciplines such as legislation, cultural jurisprudence, education jurisprudence, national security jurisprudence and interregional jurisprudence, and accelerate the development of new disciplines such as social governance jurisprudence, science and technology jurisprudence, digital jurisprudence, climate jurisprudence and ocean jurisprudence.
• Adhere to the organic unity of rule by law and rule by rules, and strengthen the discipline construction of discipline inspection and supervision, party regulations.
• Promote the development of cross-fertilization between law and economics, sociology, political science, psychology, statistics, management, anthropology, network engineering and natural science, etc., and cultivate high-quality and composite talents in rule of law.
• Improve the setting of disciplines and specialties related to foreign-related law, support the institutions of higher education that can carry out independent audit of degree authorization to set up international law-related first-level disciplines or master’s degree categories according to the procedures, support the institutions of higher education with doctoral degree authorization points in law to set up international law-related second-level disciplines according to the procedures, and accelerate the cultivation of foreign-related rule of law talents with international vision and proficiency in international and national laws

(J) Improve the teaching system of law.

• Focus on the cultivation of ideological and moral qualities, combined with social practice, and actively carry out education on ideals and beliefs, education on the excellent Chinese traditional legal culture, vigorously promote the spirit of socialism and the rule of law, improve the legal professional ethics and professional ethics education mechanism, cultivate students to uphold the rule of law, defend justice, and abide by the professional character of conscience.
• Adapting to the needs of multi-level and multi-discipline rule of law talents, supporting the development of legal professional education, consolidating undergraduate legal education, and upgrading postgraduate legal education.
• Improve the basic requirements for doctoral and master’s degrees in the first-level disciplines of law, the basic requirements for law degrees, and the national standards for teaching quality of law undergraduate programs.
• Update the teaching standards for law-related majors in vocational education. With the support of rule of law working departments, establish a mechanism for articulating law degree graduate education and legal professional qualification, study and explore the reform of law degree graduate entrance examination, and carry out pilot work on certification of training quality of law degree graduate training units to improve training quality. Universities should update and improve the curriculum system of law specialties, and promoted the construction of theoretical teaching courses and practical teaching courses of law specialties as a whole.
• Adapt to the new requirements of “Internet + education” and innovate education and teaching methods and means.
• Strengthen the practical teaching of law, deepen the collaborative education, and promote the in-depth connection between law schools and rule of law departments in the development of talent training programs, curriculum construction, textbook construction, student internship and practical training.
• Establish a system for rule of law departments and legal service institutions to accept law students for internship and practical training, explore the possibility of law students serving as internship assistants to judges and prosecutors, and actively expand the channels for law students to intern in international organizations.
• Build a number of off-campus law practice teaching bases.
• According to the actual needs of ethnic areas, cultivate rule of law talents who master both the national common language and minority languages and scripts.

(K) Improve the system of law teaching materials. Adhere to the Xi Jinping thought of the rule of law as the leader, by grasping the core teaching materials, compile the main teaching materials, the development of new forms of teaching materials, etc., to build a system of legal teaching materials with Chinese characteristics. We will make good use of teaching materials such as “Introduction to Xi Jinping’s Thought on the Rule of Law”, consolidate the core position of key teaching materials of the Marxist theory research and construction project in the system of legal teaching materials, organize timely updates and revisions, expand the coverage and enhance the influence of key teaching materials of the Marxist theory research and construction project in legal studies. Promote the construction of Chinese jurisprudence teaching materials series to fully reflect the development achievements of the comprehensive rule of law. Strictly qualify the personnel for writing law textbooks, strengthen the grading and classification audit of textbooks, and keep the political and academic hurdles well.

(L) Strengthen the formation of law teachers. Highlight the political standards, the implementation of the fundamental task of moral education, promote the reform of the construction of the law faculty, to create a strong political stance, deep roots in law, familiar with China’s national conditions, knowledge of international rules of high-level full-time and part-time teachers. Insist on educating the educator first, take teacher moral and teacher style as the first standard to evaluate the quality of the teaching team, as the primary requirement for teacher recruitment and introduction, title evaluation, post employment, mentor selection, merit award, tenure assessment, project declaration, etc., strengthen daily education management supervision, strengthen ideological and political quality inspection, strengthen rule of law and discipline education, educate and guide the majority of law teachers to strive to become teachers with the four good things [ ideal beliefs, moral sentiments, solid knowledge and a loving heart — from Xi Jinping’s 2014 speech at Beijing Normal University on the eve of Teachers’ Day 四有好老师是指有理想信念、有道德情操、有扎实学识、有仁爱之心的“四有”好老师。出自2014年第30个教师节前夕，习近平总书记考察北京师范大学时勉励广大师生的讲话。]

Establish and improve the assessment system of law teachers with teaching and research work performance as the main guide, increase the weight of teaching performance and teaching research of law teachers in the evaluation of various types of evaluation, establish a teacher evaluation and title promotion system in line with the characteristics of law disciplines, make efforts to eliminate the tendency of only marks, only promotion, only diplomas, only papers, only hats, promote the “spirit of the bench The “spirit of the bench”, incentives to guide law teachers to focus on teaching, teaching and educating people. Promote bilateral exchanges of personnel between law schools, research institutes and rule of law work departments, increase the efforts of law teachers, researchers and staff of law departments of higher education schools to attach themselves to rule of law work departments, and explore the establishment of a system for outstanding practical experts of rule of law work departments to teach in higher education schools and to conduct research in think tanks on the basis of the relevant policy provisions such as part-time positions of leading party and government cadres, and implement a mutual employment program for personnel. Give full play to the role of the national training base for law teachers. Optimize the structure of the law faculty, and form an echelon of law faculty and academic innovation teams according to the requirements of the construction of the legal theory system, discipline system and curriculum system.

V. Innovation and development of legal theory research system

(M) Strengthen the theoretical foundations of law research.

• Strengthen the study of the basic principles of Marxist jurisprudence, based on the classic works of Marxism, strengthen the refinement of legal theory, interpretation, and constantly improve the Marxist theoretical system of the rule of law.
• Insist on the research and interpretation of Xi Jinping’s thought on the rule of law as the primary task, strengthen the research on the original concepts, judgments, categories and theories of Xi Jinping’s thought on the rule of law, and strengthen the research on the major significance, core meaning, rich connotation and practical requirements of Xi Jinping’s thought on the rule of law.
• Focusing closely on the practice of comprehensive rule of law in the new era, we will strengthen the research on legal theories rooted in Chinese culture, based on Chinese national conditions and solving Chinese problems, summarize and refine the concepts, ideas and theories of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics that are subjective, original and marked, write papers on the motherland, and not be a “porter” of Western theories and so build an independent legal knowledge system of China.
• Grasp the interdisciplinary characteristics of the study of Party regulations, coordinate basic and applied research, and provide strong doctrinal support for strengthening the construction of the Party regulations system and ruling the Party according to rules and regulations.
• Strengthen the study of the history of the legal system of the Chinese New Democratic Revolution, especially the history of the legal system of the revolutionary base areas, inherit the red rule of law gene, continue the red lineage of the rule of law.
• Promote the creative transformation and innovative development of China’s excellent traditional legal culture, and support the development of legal disciplines with important cultural value and heritage significance.
• Strengthen research on foreign law and comparative law, reasonably draw on beneficial foreign experience, and serve to promote the practice of comprehensive rule of law.
• Strengthen the role of the National Social Science Foundation and ministerial-level law research projects to promote the Chineseization and modernization of Marxist theory of the rule of law.
• Create a number of national key research bases for basic theories of law, increase support for basic theories of law research, and study and explore mechanisms for social forces to support basic theories of law research.

(N) Strengthen the comprehensive rule of law practice research. Based on the establishment of a sound national governance urgently needed to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life create the necessary legal system, around the rule of law construction of major planning, key reforms, important initiatives, etc., to carry out forward-looking, targeted, reserve legal policy research, the full use of the power of the rule of law to serve the Chinese modernization.

• Actively respond to the new requirements and expectations of the people, systematically study the outstanding issues in the field of legislation, law enforcement, justice and law-abiding that are strongly reflected by the people in the rule of law, and put forward countermeasures and proposals. Strengthen research on the role of grass-roots legislative contact points in the development of the whole process of people’s democracy and the function of the legislative “express train”.
• Focus on the complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept, accelerating the construction of a new development pattern, and striving to promote high-quality development, we will strengthen research on the rule of law to guarantee the major national development strategies, strengthen research on national security, scientific and technological innovation, public health, biosecurity, ecological civilization, risk prevention, great power diplomacy and other key areas of rule of law practice, and strengthen research on the supply of legal systems for new technologies, new industries and new application areas.
• Build a high-end think for the tank of rule of law with distinctive Chinese features, institutional innovation and leading development. Build a good use of the national research base on foreign-related rule of law.

(O) Improve the scientific research assessment and evaluation system.

• Adhere to the distinctive approaches needed for cultivation of human talent, dedication to learning, and service to the Party and the people, improve methods for scientific research evaluation, build an academic evaluation system in line with the characteristics of law disciplines, take academic quality, social impact, and practical effects as the measurement criteria, establish and improve the integrated scientific research integrity governance system of education, incentives, norms, supervision, rewards and punishments, insist on “zero tolerance” for academic misconduct.
• The universities shall also establish and improve the integrated system of education, incentives, norms, supervision, rewards and punishments for scientific research integrity, insist on zero tolerance for academic misconduct, improve the supervision mechanism of academic norms, implement the linkage mechanism of academic misconduct and penalties for teacher misconduct, guide teaching and research staffs to research with dedication, forge fine products, and create a clean scientific research environment.
• Promote the change of project management from quantity and process to quality and results, implement the performance classification evaluation, implement the system of representative works of scientific research results, improve the mechanism of incorporating newspaper and journal theoretical articles, teaching research results and decision-making consultation reports into academic results, incorporate participation in rule of law practice and political advice into the scientific research assessment and evaluation system, and improve the scientific research assessment and evaluation work.
• Improve the evaluation and award mechanism of legal research results, and organize the selection activities of the Award for Outstanding Achievements in Scientific Research of Higher Education Institutions (Humanities and Social Sciences), the Award for Outstanding Achievements in Chinese Law, the Dong Biwu Award for Young Legal Achievements, the Qian Dansheng Award for Legal Research Achievements, and the National Award for Legal Teaching Materials and Scientific Research Achievements.
• We will strengthen the management of academic journals of law, firmly grasp the correct direction and public opinion guidance, promote the diversification, differentiation and high-quality development of academic journals of law, support the development of academic journals of law in foreign languages, and build a long-term mechanism for the development of academic journals of law.
• Improve the evaluation index system of law journals, set scientific and reasonable evaluation indexes of practical journals, and evaluate them without academic standards such as citation rate, and take into account the contribution to the rule of law practice.

(P) Promote foreign academic exchanges and cooperation.

• Strengthen the international dissemination of Xi Jinping’s thought on the rule of law, comprehensively demonstrate the historic achievements and historic changes in the construction of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and fully demonstrate the theoretical power, truth power and practical power of Xi Jinping’s thought on the rule of law.
• Strengthen foreign exchanges in law, and expand the fields and channels of foreign exchanges by conducting bilateral and multilateral cooperation and research, co-organizing academic forums, and sending visiting scholars to each other. We will play the role of platforms such as the China International Forum on the Rule of Law.
• Strengthen the foreign publicity on China’s outstanding legal research results, promote experts and scholars to make their voices heard abroad, innovate the way of expressing foreign discourse, and enhance the international communication ability of the socialist legal theory system and discourse system with Chinese characteristics.
• Be intent on summing up the experience of China’s rule of law system construction and rule of law practice, expound the excellent Chinese traditional legal culture, tell the story of Chinese rule of law, and enhance the international influence and discourse power of the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and rule of law theory.
• Strengthen academic exchanges and cooperation on the rule of law with the “Belt and Road” countries. Improve the mechanism of foreign law identification, promote the construction of the database of laws and regulations of major countries in the world, pay attention to the organization of collecting, screening and translating foreign legal information, and strengthen the Chinese translation of the world’s legal masterpieces and the foreign translation of the outstanding achievements of Chinese jurisprudence.

VI. Strengthening organizational leadership

(Q) Strengthen organization and implementation.

Adhere to the Party’s overall leadership of legal education and legal theory research, the Central Rule of Law Commission to strengthen the overall planning, the State Council education departments and judicial administrative departments in close collaboration with the relevant rule of law departments to form a synergy to promote the implementation of the tasks.

Party committees at all levels should strengthen organizational leadership, timely study and solve major problems, and coordinate the implementation of tasks on the ground. Rule of law departments should strengthen the supply of practice resources, practice platforms and practice opportunities, and promote the mutual integration of legal education and rule of law practice.

The Chinese Law Society should give full play to the leading function of academic groups, attract and unite the majority of legal practitioners to better serve the construction of China’s rule of law.

Organize the personnel, publicity, development and reform, finance and other departments to improve the policy assurance mechanisms, to strengthen legal education and legal theory research to create a better environment and conditions.

Law schools and research institutes party organizations should fulfill their main responsibility of running the school, and effectively promote legal education and legal theory research initiatives into practice.

Explore the establishment of a national information network platform for legal education and legal theory research resources, promote the integration of resources, achieve system integration and interconnection and sharing of resources.

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中共中央办公厅 国务院办公厅印发《关于加强新时代法学教育和法学理论研究的意见》

2023-02-26 18:30 来源： 新华社

【字体：大 中 小】打印

新华社北京2月26日电 近日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于加强新时代法学教育和法学理论研究的意见》，并发出通知，要求各地区各部门结合实际认真贯彻落实。

《关于加强新时代法学教育和法学理论研究的意见》全文如下。

法学教育和法学理论研究承担着为法治中国建设培养高素质法治人才、提供科学理论支撑的光荣使命，在推进全面依法治国中具有重要地位和作用。为加强新时代法学教育和法学理论研究，现提出如下意见。

一、总体要求

（一）指导思想。坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，认真学习宣传贯彻党的二十大精神，深入学习贯彻习近平法治思想，弘扬伟大建党精神，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路，坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合，坚持社会主义办学方向，提高法治人才培养质量，加强中国特色社会主义法治理论研究，提升法学研究能力和水平，加快构建中国特色法学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，为建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家、推动在法治轨道上全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力人才保障和理论支撑。

（二）工作原则。坚持和加强党的全面领导，确保法学教育和法学理论研究始终沿着正确政治方向前进。坚持围绕中心、服务大局，把法学教育和法学理论研究放在党和国家工作大局中谋划和推进。坚持立德树人、德法兼修，努力培养造就更多具有坚定理想信念、强烈家国情怀、扎实法学根底的法治人才。坚持遵循法学学科发展规律和人才成长规律，分类建设和管理法学院校。坚持把马克思主义法治理论同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统法律文化相结合，总结中国特色社会主义法治实践规律，汲取世界法治文明有益成果，推动法学教育和法学理论研究高质量发展。

（三）主要目标。到2025年，法学院校区域布局与学科专业布局更加均衡，法学教育管理指导体制更加完善，人才培养质量稳步提升，重点领域人才短板加快补齐，法学理论研究领域不断拓展、研究能力持续提高，基础理论研究和应用对策研究更加繁荣，中国特色社会主义法治理论研究进一步创新发展。到2035年，与法治国家、法治政府、法治社会基本建成相适应，建成一批中国特色、世界一流法学院校，造就一批具有国际影响力的法学专家学者，持续培养大批德才兼备的高素质法治人才，构建起具有鲜明中国特色的法学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，形成内容科学、结构合理、系统完备、协同高效的法学教育体系和法学理论研究体系。

二、坚持正确政治方向

（四）坚持以习近平法治思想为根本遵循。深入学习贯彻习近平法治思想，坚持用习近平法治思想全方位占领法学教育和法学理论研究阵地，教育引导广大法学院校师生和法学理论工作者做习近平法治思想的坚定信仰者、积极传播者、模范实践者。充分发挥习近平法治思想研究中心（院）及法治工作部门理论研究机构作用，深入研究阐释习近平法治思想的重大原创性贡献，不断丰富发展中国特色社会主义法治理论。深入推进习近平法治思想学理化阐释、学术化表达、体系化构建，推动理论研究成果向课程体系、教材体系、教学体系转化。统筹整合研究力量和资源，积极推出高质量研究成果，充分展现习近平法治思想鲜明的中国特色、实践特色、时代特色。全面推进习近平法治思想进教材、进课堂、进头脑，开设习近平法治思想概论法学专业核心必修课，鼓励有条件的高等学校开设相关必修、选修课程，与法治工作部门联合开设习近平法治思想的法治实践相关课程，打造习近平法治思想专门课程模块，开展好面向全体学生的习近平法治思想教育。加强习近平法治思想师资培训。用好《习近平法治思想学习纲要》、《习近平法治思想学习问答》、《中国共产党百年法治大事记》等读物。

（五）坚持和加强党的全面领导。牢牢把握党的领导是社会主义法治的根本保证，全面贯彻党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略，引导广大法学院校师生和法学理论工作者自觉强化党的领导意识，健全党领导法学教育和法学理论研究的体制机制，将党的领导贯彻到法学教育和法学理论研究全过程各方面。坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，引导广大法学院校师生和法学理论工作者在原则问题和大是大非面前旗帜鲜明、立场坚定，坚决反对和抵制西方“宪政”、“三权鼎立”、“司法独立”等错误观点。全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持为党育人、为国育才，着力培养社会主义法治事业的建设者和接班人。坚持用党的创新理论引领法学理论研究，深入学习把握党领导法治建设的百年光辉历程和历史经验，教育引导广大法学理论工作者努力做先进思想的倡导者、学术研究的开拓者、社会风尚的引领者、党执政的坚定支持者。法学院校和科研院所党组织要从严落实好管党治党主体责任，切实把好方向、管好阵地、建好队伍。

（六）加强思想政治建设。把讲政治作为根本要求，教育引导广大法学教师和理论工作者提高政治敏锐性和政治鉴别力，严守政治纪律和政治规矩，把政治标准和政治要求贯穿法学教育和法学理论研究工作始终。把思想政治工作贯穿法学教育教学全过程，加强理想信念教育和社会主义核心价值观教育，强化爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育，深入推进法学专业课程思政建设，将思想政治教育有机融入课程设置、课堂教学、教材建设、师资队伍建设、理论研究等人才培养各环节，教育引导广大师生做社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者、坚定捍卫者。深刻把握新时代法学理论研究的政治性，自觉围绕建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家，全面推进国家各方面工作法治化等重大理论和实践问题开展研究，建强马克思主义法治理论阵地。

三、改革完善法学院校体系

（七）优化法学院校发展布局。以服务国家发展大局、适应区域法治人才需求为根本，调整优化法学院校区域布局，统筹全国法学学科专业设置和学位授权点设置，推进法学教育区域均衡发展。完善法学教育准入制度，健全法学相关学科专业办学质量预警机制，对办学条件不足、师资水平持续低下、教育质量较差的院校畅通有序退出机制。建立法学教育质量评估制度，完善评估指标体系，在现有法学学科评估工作基础上，按计划开展高等学校法学本科教育教学评估，通过限期整改、撤销等措施，优化法学学科专业布局。加快“双一流”建设，鼓励法学院校突出特色，形成差异化发展格局。积极支持西部地区法学院校发展，进一步优化法学学位授权点布局，在招生规模、师资、经费、就业等方面加大政策倾斜力度，开展好全国法学教育东西对口支援，实现法学教育资源合理配置。

（八）完善法学院校管理指导体制。完善法学教育管理体制，加强中央依法治国办对法学教育工作的宏观指导，加强国务院教育主管部门和司法行政部门对高等学校法学教育工作的指导。推进法学院校改革发展，发挥好重点政法院校在法学教育和法学理论研究中的骨干示范作用。法治工作部门要加大对法学院校支持力度，积极提供优质实践教学资源，做好法律职业和法学教育之间的有机衔接。发挥好高等学校法学类专业教学指导委员会、国务院学位委员会法学学科评议组、全国法律专业学位研究生教育指导委员会、全国司法职业教育教学指导委员会等专家委员会作用，增加有法治实践经验的委员比例，优化人员组成，提高法学教育指导管理水平。

四、加快完善法学教育体系

（九）优化法学学科体系。完善法学学科专业体系，构建自主设置与引导设置相结合的学科专业建设新机制。立足中国实际，推进法理学、法律史等基础学科以及宪法学与行政法学、刑法学、民商法学、诉讼法学、经济法学、环境与资源保护法学、国际法学、军事法学等更新学科内涵，更好融入全面依法治国实践。适应法治建设新要求，加强立法学、文化法学、教育法学、国家安全法学、区际法学等学科建设，加快发展社会治理法学、科技法学、数字法学、气候法学、海洋法学等新兴学科。坚持依法治国和依规治党有机统一，加强纪检监察学、党内法规学学科建设。推进法学和经济学、社会学、政治学、心理学、统计学、管理学、人类学、网络工程以及自然科学等学科交叉融合发展，培养高质量复合型法治人才。完善涉外法学相关学科专业设置，支持能够开展学位授权自主审核工作的高等学校按程序设置国际法学相关一级学科或硕士专业学位类别，支持具有法学一级学科博士学位授权点的高等学校按程序自主设置国际法学相关二级学科，加快培养具有国际视野，精通国际法、国别法的涉外法治紧缺人才。

（十）健全法学教学体系。注重思想道德素养培育，结合社会实践，积极开展理想信念教育、中华优秀传统法律文化教育，大力弘扬社会主义法治精神，健全法律职业伦理和职业操守教育机制，培育学生崇尚法治、捍卫公正、恪守良知的职业品格。适应多层次多领域法治人才需求，扶持发展法律职业教育，夯实法学本科教育，提升法学研究生教育。完善法学一级学科博士、硕士学位基本要求，法律专业学位基本要求，法学类本科专业教学质量国家标准。更新职业教育法律相关专业教学标准。在法治工作部门支持下，建立法律专业学位研究生教育和法律职业资格衔接机制，研究探索法律专业学位研究生入学考试改革，开展法律专业学位研究生培养单位培养质量认证试点工作，提高培养质量。更新完善法学专业课程体系，一体推进法学专业理论教学课程和实践教学课程建设。适应“互联网+教育”新形态新要求，创新教育教学方法手段。强化法学实践教学，深化协同育人，推动法学院校与法治工作部门在人才培养方案制定、课程建设、教材建设、学生实习实训等环节深度衔接。建立法治工作部门、法律服务机构等接收法学专业学生实习实训工作制度，探索法学专业学生担任实习法官检察官助理，积极拓宽法学专业学生到国际组织实习渠道。建设一批校外法学实践教学基地。根据民族地区实际需求，培养既掌握国家通用语言文字又懂少数民族语言文字的法治人才。

（十一）完善法学教材体系。坚持以习近平法治思想为统领，通过抓好核心教材、编好主干教材、开发新形态教材等，构建中国特色法学教材体系。用好《习近平法治思想概论》等教材，巩固法学类马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重点教材在法学教材体系中的核心地位，及时组织更新修订，拓展法学类马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重点教材建设的覆盖面，提升影响力。推进中国法学系列教材建设，充分反映全面依法治国发展成就。严格法学教材编写人员资质条件，加强教材分级分类审核，把好政治关、学术关。

（十二）加强法学教师队伍建设。突出政治标准，落实立德树人根本任务，推进法学教师队伍建设改革，打造一支政治立场坚定、法学根底深厚、熟悉中国国情、通晓国际规则的高水平专兼职教师队伍。坚持教育者先受教育，把师德师风作为评价教师队伍素质的第一标准，作为教师招聘引进、职称评审、岗位聘用、导师遴选、评优奖励、聘期考核、项目申报等的首要要求，加强日常教育管理督导，加强思想政治素质考察，强化法治和纪律教育，教育引导广大法学教师努力成为“四有”好老师。建立完善以教学科研工作业绩为主要导向的法学教师考核制度，提高法学教师教学业绩和教学研究在各类评审评价中的分值权重，建立符合法学学科特点的教师评价与职称晋升制度，着力破除唯分数、唯升学、唯文凭、唯论文、唯帽子倾向，弘扬“冷板凳精神”，激励引导法学教师专心治学、教书育人。推动法学院校、科研院所与法治工作部门人员双向交流，加大法学教师、研究人员和高等学校法务部门工作人员到法治工作部门挂职力度，在符合党政领导干部兼职等有关政策规定基础上，探索建立法治工作部门优秀实务专家到高等学校任教以及到智库开展研究制度，实施人员互聘计划。充分发挥全国法学教师培训基地作用。优化法学教师队伍结构，根据法学理论体系、学科体系、课程体系建设要求，形成梯次化法学教师队伍和学术创新团队。

五、创新发展法学理论研究体系

（十三）强化法学基础理论研究。加强马克思主义法学基本原理研究，以马克思主义经典著作为基础，加强法学理论提炼、阐释，不断完善马克思主义法治理论体系。坚持把习近平法治思想的研究阐释作为首要任务，加强对习近平法治思想的原创性概念、判断、范畴、理论的研究，加强对习近平法治思想重大意义、核心要义、丰富内涵和实践要求的研究。紧紧围绕新时代全面依法治国实践，切实加强扎根中国文化、立足中国国情、解决中国问题的法学理论研究，总结提炼中国特色社会主义法治具有主体性、原创性、标识性的概念、观点、理论，把论文写在祖国的大地上，不做西方理论的“搬运工”，构建中国自主的法学知识体系。把握党内法规研究跨学科特点，统筹基础研究和应用研究，为加强党内法规制度建设、依规治党提供有力学理支撑。加强对中国新民主主义革命法制史特别是革命根据地法制史的研究，传承红色法治基因，赓续红色法治血脉。推动中华优秀传统法律文化创造性转化、创新性发展，支持具有重要文化价值和传承意义的法学学科发展。加强外国法与比较法研究，合理借鉴国外有益经验，服务推进全面依法治国实践。强化国家社科基金和部级法学类科研项目导向作用，推进马克思主义法治理论中国化时代化。建设一批国家重点法学基础理论研究基地，加大对法学基础理论研究扶持力度，研究探索社会力量支持法学基础理论研究机制。

（十四）强化全面依法治国实践研究。立足建立健全国家治理急需、满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要必备的法律制度，围绕法治建设重大规划、重点改革、重要举措等，开展前瞻性、针对性、储备性法律政策研究，充分运用法治力量服务中国式现代化。积极回应人民群众新要求新期待，系统研究立法、执法、司法、守法等法治领域人民群众反映强烈的突出问题，提出对策建议。加强对基层立法联系点在发展全过程人民民主中的作用和发挥立法“直通车”功能的研究。围绕完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展，加强对国家重大发展战略法治保障研究，加强国家安全、科技创新、公共卫生、生物安全、生态文明、防范风险、大国外交等重点领域法治实践研究，加强新技术新业态新应用领域法律制度供给研究。建设国家亟需、特色鲜明、制度创新、引领发展的法治高端智库。建好用好国家级涉外法治研究基地。

（十五）完善科研考核评价制度。坚持鲜明的人才培养导向、潜心治学导向、服务党和人民导向，改进科研评价方式，构建符合法学学科特点的学术评价体系，以学术质量、社会影响、实际效果为衡量标准，建立健全教育、激励、规范、监督、奖惩一体化的科研诚信治理体系，坚持学术不端“零容忍”，健全学术规范监督机制，落实学术不端与师德失范处理处罚联动机制，引导教学研究人员潜心钻研、铸造精品，营造风清气正的科研环境。推动项目管理从重数量、重过程向重质量、重结果转变，实行绩效分类评价，推行科研成果代表作制度，完善将报刊理论文章、教学研究成果、决策咨询报告等纳入学术成果机制，把参与法治实践、咨政建言等纳入科研考核评价体系，提高科研考核评价工作科学性。完善法学研究成果评价评奖机制，组织好高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（人文社会科学）、中国法学优秀成果奖、董必武青年法学成果奖、钱端升法学研究成果奖、全国法学教材与科研成果奖等评选活动。加强法学学术期刊管理，牢牢把握办刊正确方向和舆论导向，推动法学学术期刊多样化、差异化、高质量发展，支持外文法学学术期刊发展，构建法学学术期刊发展长效机制。完善法学期刊评价指标体系，科学合理设置实务类期刊评价指标，不唯引用率等学术化标准，综合考虑对法治实践的贡献进行评价。

（十六）推进对外学术交流与合作。加强习近平法治思想国际传播，全面展示新时代中国特色社会主义法治建设取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革，充分彰显习近平法治思想的理论伟力、真理伟力、实践伟力。加强法学对外交流，通过开展双边多边合作研究、共同举办学术论坛、互派访问学者等形式，拓展对外交流领域和渠道。发挥中国法治国际论坛等平台作用。加强我国优秀法学研究成果对外宣传，推动专家学者对外发声，创新对外话语表达方式，提升中国特色社会主义法学理论体系和话语体系的国际传播能力。认真总结我国法治体系建设和法治实践经验，阐发中华优秀传统法律文化，讲好中国法治故事，提升中国特色社会主义法治体系和法治理论的国际影响力和话语权。加强与共建“一带一路”国家法治学术交流合作。完善外国法查明机制，推进世界主要国家法律法规数据库建设，注重组织搜集筛选、翻译国外法律信息资料，加强世界法学名著的汉译工作和中国法学优秀成果的外译工作。

六、加强组织领导

（十七）强化组织实施。坚持党对法学教育和法学理论研究工作的全面领导，中央依法治国委加强统筹规划，国务院教育主管部门和司法行政部门会同有关法治工作部门密切协作、形成合力，推动各项任务落到实处。各级党委要加强组织领导，及时研究解决重大问题，统筹推进任务落地落实。法治工作部门要加强实践资源、实践平台和实践机会供给，推动法学教育与法治实务相互融合。中国法学会要充分发挥学术团体引领职能，吸引和团结广大法学法律工作者更好服务法治中国建设。组织人事、宣传、发展改革、财政等部门要完善政策保障机制，为加强法学教育和法学理论研究创造更好环境和条件。法学院校和科研院所党组织要履行好办学治校主体责任，切实将推进法学教育和法学理论研究各项工作举措落到实处。探索建立全国法学教育和法学理论研究资源信息网络平台，推进资源整合，实现系统集成、资源互联共享。